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January
20. "Kosmos-544" ELINT satellite "Tselina-O". Replaced "Kosmos 460".
Perigee: 528 km. Apogee: 535 km.
Inclination: 74.0 deg. Period: 95.2 min.
January 24.
"Kosmos-545"Perigee:
268 km. Apogee: 495 km. Inclination: 71.0 deg.
Period: 92.2 min. Completed Operations Date:
01 August 1973.
January 27.
Vietnam War ends with
signing of peace pacts.
February 8.
"Kosmos-548".
High resolution photo
reconnaissance satellite "Zenit-4M". Perigee:
205 km. Apogee: 300 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg.
Period: 89.6 min. Duration: 13.00 days. February 28.
"Kosmos-549". ELINT satellite "Tselina-O". Perigee: 513 km. Apogee:
545 km. Inclination: 74.0 deg. Period:
95.2 min. March 1.
"Kosmos-550" High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite
"Zenit-4M"; returned film capsule.
Perigee: 206 km. Apogee:
317 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg. Period: 89.7
min. Duration: 10.00 days. March 20.
"Meteor 1-14" Meteorological satellite "Meteor M".
Perigee: 860 km. Apogee:
878 km. Inclination: 81.2 deg. Period: 102.3
min. March 22.
"Kosmos-552"
Area survey photo reconnaissance
satellite "Zenit-2M". Perigee: 202 km. Apogee:
308 km. Inclination: 72.0 deg. Period: 89.6
min. Duration: 12.00 days.
Separated Nauka autonomous subsatellite 16KS No 162 / 2L
which tested "Kondor" control system for "Yantar" satellite. Perigee:
192 km. Apogee: 283 km. Inclination: 72.8 deg.
Period: 89.3 min. April 5. "Molniya 2-05"
communications satellite. Perigee: 532 km. Apogee:
39,822 km. Inclination: 65.2 deg. Period:
717.7 min.
April 12.
"Kosmos-553" military satellite. Perigee:
272 km. Apogee: 494 km. Inclination: 71.0 deg.
Period: 92.2 min. Completed Operations Date:
12 November 1973.
April 19.
"Kosmos-554" High resolution photo reconnaissance
satellite "Zenit-4MK". Exploded on orbit. Perigee: 194 km. Apogee: 304
km. Inclination: 72.9 deg. Period: 89.5 min.
Duration: 38.00 days.
April 25.
"Kosmos-555" area survey photo reconnaissance satellite "Zenit-2M".
Perigee: 216 km. Apogee:
230 km. Inclination: 81.0 deg. Period: 88.9
min. Duration: 12.00 days. "Nauka-Kosmos-555" Perigee: 192 km. Apogee:
204 km. Inclination: 81.3 deg. Period: 88.4
min. May 5. "Kosmos-556"
High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite "Zenit-4MK". Perigee: 199 km. Apogee:
240 km. Inclination: 81.3 deg. Period: 88.8
min. Duration: 9.00 days. May 17. "Kosmos-558"
military satellite. Perigee:
269 km. Apogee: 501 km. Inclination: 71.0 deg.
Period: 92.3 min.
Completed Operations Date: 25 December 1973. May 18.
"Kosmos-559" High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite
"Zenit-4MK". First flight of
"Soyuz U" launch vehicle. Perigee: 204 km. Apogee:
325 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg. Period: 89.8
min. Duration: 5.00 days. May 23.
"Kosmos-560" High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite
"Zenit-4MK". Perigee: 203
km. Apogee: 314 km. Inclination: 72.9 deg.
Period: 89.7 min. Duration: 13.00 days. May 25.
"Kosmos-561" area survey photo reconnaissance satellite
"Zenit-2M" with separated gamma ray telescope experiment
capsule. Perigee: 206 km.
Apogee: 295 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg.
Period: 89.5 min. Duration: 12.00 days. "Nauka-Kosmos-561" Perigee: 205 km. Apogee: 281 km.
Inclination: 65.3 deg. Period: 89.4 min. May 25.
"Zaliv" navigation satellite. Launch vehicle failed to orbit - unknown
cause.
May 29. "Meteor 1-15" meteorological satellite. Perigee: 845 km. Apogee:
879 km. Inclination: 81.2 deg. Period: 102.2
min. June 3.
Cosmonaut
Vladimir Nikolaevich Benderov dies at age of 48 - Crash
in Tu-144. June 5.
"Kosmos-562" military satellite.
Perigee: 270 km. Apogee:
483 km. Inclination: 70.0 deg. Period: 92.0
min. Completed Operations Date:
08 January 1974. June 6.
"Kosmos-563" military satellite. High resolution photo
reconnaissance satellite "Zenit-4M". Perigee: 206 km. Apogee: 298
km. Inclination: 65.4 deg. Period: 89.5 min.
Duration: 12.00 days. June 8.
"Kosmos-564" - "Kosmos-571".
Eight military store-dump "Strela-1M" satellites launched by
a single carrier rocket. June 20.
"Kosmos-574" Military navigation satellite. Perigee: 976 km. Apogee: 1,010
km. Inclination: 83.0 deg. Period: 105.0 min. June 21.
"Kosmos-575" Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite
"Zenit-2M".
Perigee: 204 km. Apogee:
271 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg. Period: 89.3
min. Duration: 12.00 days. June 26.
"Tselina-O" ELINT satellite failure.
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| JUNE
26 1973. NINE TECHNICIANS WERE KILLED IN A LAUNCH PAD ACCIDENT: |
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By
1973, the launcher known today as "Kosmos-3M" was in use in Plesetsk for about
six years. According to a post-USSR source, a routine launch was planned for 1:32 a.m. on
June 26. The preparation, however, run into trouble, when due to a fuel tank sensor
malfunction, the tank was overfilled. The personnel drained part of the fuel and refueled
the launcher. Apparently, at this point, the fuel tank developed a leak and 15 seconds
before the liftoff, the launch sequence was automatically suspended. The launch was
cancelled and more than 40-member launch team tried to deactivate the vehicle. At 4:18 and
4:20 a.m. two crews of thirteen people were dispatched to the launch pad. At 4:22 a.m. a
dual explosion shook the complex, followed by the fire. Seven people were killed at the
spot, thirteen were injured, two of those later died in the hospital. No announcement
about the tragedy was made at the time and all the victims were buried in a mass grave in
Mirny. The special memorial to the dead was dedicated in 1974. |
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| Birukov Vladimir
Fedorovich |
| Sandgaluev Galiulla
Muhametvalievich |
| Homiakov Boris
Grigorievich |
| Bezuglov Gennadiy
Fedorovich |
| Karnauhov Alexei
Aleksandrovich |
| Vaganov Uriy
Ivanovich |
| Osokin Ivan
Vasilievich |
| Ustinov Valeriy
Nikolaevich |
| Vinkovskiy Miroslav
Stepanovich |
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| Memorial in the
Mirny town. |
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June 27.
"Kosmos-576" military topography
satellite "Zenit-4MT". Perigee: 204 km. Apogee: 332
km. Inclination: 72.9 deg. Period: 89.8 min.
Duration: 12.00 days. July 4.
High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite "Zenit-4M"
failure. July 11.
"Molniya 2-06" communication satellite.
Perigee: 479 km. Apogee:
39,292 km. Inclination: 65.0 deg. Period:
706.0 min. July 25.
"Kosmos-577". High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite
"Zenit-4M". Perigee: 175
km. Apogee: 309 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg.
Period: 89.3 min. Duration: 13.00 days. August 1.
"Kosmos-578" area survey photo reconnaissance
satellite "Zenit-2M". Perigee: 200 km. Apogee: 292 km.
Inclination: 65.4 deg. Period: 89.4 min. Duration: 12.00
days. August 21.
"Kosmos-579". High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite
"Zenit-4M". Perigee: 171
km. Apogee: 270 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg.
Period: 88.9 min. Duration:
13.00 days. August 21.
"Kosmos-580". Military satellite. Perigee: 273 km. Apogee: 490
km. Inclination: 70.9 deg. Period: 92.1 min.
Completed Operations Date:
04 September 1974. August 28.
"Kosmos-582" ELINT satellite "Tselina-O".
Perigee: 519 km. Apogee: 543
km. Inclination: 74.0 deg. Period: 95.3 min. August 30.
"Molniya 1-24" communication satellite.
Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was
Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of a system of long range
telephone-telegraph radio communication, and transmission of
USSR Central Television programs to the stations of the
"Orbita" network. September 6. "Kosmos-584" High
resolution photo reconnaissance satellite "Zenit-4M". Perigee: 205 km. Apogee:
336 km. Inclination: 72.9 deg. Period: 90.0
min. Duration: 14.00 days. September 8. "Kosmos-585"
Military satellite "Sfera".
Perigee: 1,375 km. Apogee: 1,404 km.
Inclination: 74.0 deg. Period: 113.6 min. September 11. Chile's Marxist president, Salvadore
Allende, is overthrown. September 14. "Kosmos-586" military navigation satellite.
Perigee: 961 km. Apogee: 1,003 km. Inclination:
82.9 deg. Period: 104.7 min. September 21.
"Kosmos-587". Second flight of
"Soyuz U" launch vehicle. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite "Zenit-4MK".
Perigee: 205 km. Apogee:
301 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg. Period: 89.6
min. Duration: 13.00 days.
October 2. "Kosmos-588" - "Kosmos-595". Eight
military store-dump "Strela-1M" satellites launched by a
single carrier rocket.
October 3. "Kosmos-596".
Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite
"Zenit-2M". First test of small film return capsules planned
for "Yantar" spacecraft. SpK capsule FEU-170 No. 1L
experienced an electrical short circuit, which led to
failure to separate the shell of the capsule after reentry,
preventing parachute deployment. The capsule crashed into
the ground. Perigee: 206
km. Apogee: 287 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg.
Period: 89.4 min. Duration: 6.00 days.
October 6. Fourth and biggest
Arab-Israeli conflict begins as Egyptian and Syrian forces attack Israel as Jews mark Yom
Kippur, holiest day in their calendar. October 6. "Kosmos-597". High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite
"Zenit-4MK". Perigee: 206
km. Apogee: 290 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg.
Period: 89.5 min. Duration: 6.00 days. October 10. "Kosmos-598".
High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite "Zenit-4M".
Perigee: 208 km. Apogee:
334 km. Inclination: 72.8 deg. Period: 89.9
min. Duration: 6.00 days. October 16. "Kosmos-600".
High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite "Zenit-4M".
Perigee: 205 km. Apogee: 340 km. Inclination: 72.8 deg. Period:
90.0
min. Duration: 7.00 days. October 16. "Kosmos-601".
Military satellite. Perigee:
195 km. Apogee: 1,135 km. Inclination: 81.8
deg. Period: 98.0 min.
Completed Operations Date: 15 August 1974. Launch
Complex: LC133. Launch Vehicle:
Kosmos 11K63. October 19. "Molniya 2-07" communication satellite.
Perigee: 555 km. Apogee:
40,055 km. Inclination: 62.8 deg. Period:
722.9 min. Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M. October 20. "Kosmos-602". High
resolution photo reconnaissance satellite "Zenit-4MK".
Perigee: 169 km. Apogee:
309 km. Inclination: 72.8 deg. Period: 89.2
min. Duration: 9.00 days. Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57. October 27. "Kosmos-603". High
resolution photo reconnaissance satellite "Zenit-4M".
Perigee: 205 km. Apogee: 357 km. Inclination: 72.9 deg. Period:
90.1
min. Duration: 13.00 days. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. October 29.
"Kosmos-604". Sigint satellite "Tselina-D". Perigee: 413 km. Apogee: 424
km. Inclination: 81.2 deg. Period: 92.9 min.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M. October 30. "Interkosmos-10". Satellite
for Geophysical research at high
latitudes to study the electromagnetic coupling of the
earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere. Perigee: 257
km. Apogee: 1,453 km. Inclination: 74.0 deg.
Period: 102.0 min.
Completed Operations Date: 07 June 1974. Launch
Complex: LC132. Launch Vehicle:
Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M
53749-158. October 31. "Kosmos-605". "Bion"
satellite for Investigation of
the influence of space flight on living organisms and
testing of life-support systems for biological entities.
Capsule recovered 53 deg 29 min N, 65 deg 27 min E.
Perigee: 213 km. Apogee: 403 km. Inclination:
62.8 deg. Period: 90.7 min. Duration: 21.50 days. Launch Complex: LC43.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511U. November 2. "Kosmos-606". Early
warning "Oko" satellite. Replaced
"Kosmos 520". Covered Oko constellation plane 3 - 359 degree
longitude of ascending node. Perigee: 4,964 km.
Apogee: 35,385 km. Inclination: 69.5 deg.
Period: 717.7 min. November 10. "Kosmos-607". High
resolution photo reconnaissance satellite "Zenit-4MK".
Perigee: 203 km. Apogee:
341 km. Inclination: 72.8 deg. Period: 89.9
min. Duration: 12.00 days. Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57. November 20. "Kosmos-608"
military satellite. Perigee:
269 km. Apogee: 500 km. Inclination: 70.9 deg.
Period: 92.2 min.
Completed Operations Date: 13 July 1974. Launch
Complex: LC133. Launch Vehicle:
Kosmos 11K63. November 27. "Kosmos-610"
ELINT satellite "Tselina-O". Perigee: 515 km. Apogee:
545 km. Inclination: 74.0 deg. Period: 95.2
min. Launch Complex: LC132. Launch Vehicle:
Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M
53724-114. November 28. "Kosmos-611" military
satellite. Perigee: 269
km. Apogee: 480 km. Inclination: 70.1 deg.
Period: 92.0 min. Completed Operations Date:
20 June 1974. Launch Complex: LC133. Launch
Vehicle:
Kosmos 11K63. November 28. "Kosmos-612". High
resolution photo reconnaissance satellite "Zenit-4MK".
Perigee: 188 km. Apogee:
339 km. Inclination: 72.8 deg. Period: 89.8
min. Duration: 13.00 days.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57. November
30. "Molniya 1-26" communication satellite. Perigee: 619 km. Apogee:
40,829 km. Inclination: 62.9 deg. Period:
740.0 min. Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M. December 4. "Kosmos-614"
Communication
store-dump satellite "Strela-2M".
Perigee: 751 km. Apogee: 787
km. Inclination: 74.1 deg. Period: 100.2 min. Launch Complex: LC132. Launch
Vehicle:
Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M
53753-211. December 12. "Kosmos-615" military
satellite. Perigee: 270
km. Apogee: 834 km. Inclination: 71.0 deg.
Period: 95.7 min. Completed
Operations Date>: 16 June 1975. December 17.
"Kosmos-616" military topography satellite "Zenit-4MT".
Perigee: 206 km. Apogee:
332 km. Inclination: 72.9 deg. Period: 89.9
min. Duration: 11.00 days.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511M. December 19.
Kosmos-617" - "Kosmos-624".
Eight military store-dump "Strela-1M" satellites launched by
a single carrier rocket.
Launch Complex: LC132. Launch Vehicle:
Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M
53724-112. December 21. "Kosmos-625". High resolution
photo reconnaissance satellite "Zenit-4MK".
Perigee: 204 km. Apogee: 321
km. Inclination: 72.8 deg. Period: 89.8 min.
Duration: 13.00 days. Launch
Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57. December 25. "Molniya 2-08"
communication satellite. Perigee: 434 km. Apogee: 39,934 km.
Inclination: 62.9 deg. Period: 718.0 min.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M. December 26. "Oreol-1" French
scientific satellite. Continued
investigations in the earth's upper atmosphere at high
latitudes and study of the nature of polar aurorae begun on
board the "Oreol" satellite in 1971. Perigee:
387 km. Apogee: 1,441 km. Inclination: 74.0
deg. Period: 103.3 min. Completed Operations Date:
30 April 1974. Launch Complex: LC132. Launch
Vehicle:
Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M
65024-111. December 29. "Kosmos-627". Military
navigation satellite. Perigee:
967 km. Apogee: 1,014 km. Inclination: 83.0
deg. Period: 104.9 min. Launch Complex: LC132.
Launch Vehicle:
Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M
65033-204.
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