1994

At 1994, the Plesetsk cosmodrome was continuing modernization of all its 9 launch complexes to support military programs moving from Baikonur. One "Zenit" pad was near completion  and a second was scheduled to be completed in 1997. Four "Soyuz" pads are all being modernized for the "Soyuz-2K" ("Rus") booster.  January 25. "Meteor 3-06" Obtained meteorological and solar-terrestrial data. "Meteor 3-6" was inserted into an orbital plane 60 degrees to the west of Meteor 3-5's plane and ejected the small German satellite Tubsat B on the second orbit. "Meteor 3-6" also carried an integrated French radiometer called SCARAB (Scanner for Radiation Budget) and a German PRARE (Precision Range and Range Rate Experiment) geodetic instrument. The French radiometer was designed to study the Earth's radiation budget over an extended period of time and to measure the effect of clouds on the greenhouse phenomenon. A second SCARAB instrument was manifested on a Meteor spacecraft that was to be launched in 1996, but this did not come to pass. The German PRARE was similar to the instrument carried on ESA's ERS· 1 satellite.  February 12. "Kosmos 2268" - "Kosmos 2273" military Store-dump "Strela-3" satellites. March 2.  "Interkosmos 24". Solar and space physics. Conduct of comprehensive investigations of the sun under the "Coronas-I" international project developed by Russian and Ukrainians experiments in cooperation with specialists from Poland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Bulgaria, France, and the United Kingdom. March 17.  "Kosmos 2274" high resolution photo reconnaissance satellite "Yantar-4K1". This space object is intended for assignments on behalf of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.   April 2, China. The first "Fen Yung 2" geostationary weather satellite was undergoing final checkout before being mated to its launch vehicle when a fire and explosion erupted, destroying the vehicle, killing one worker and injuring 20 others.  April 26.  "Kosmos 2279" military navigation satellite. June 7.  "Kosmos 2281" Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule. Also photography of the earth's surface for the purpose of the natural resource mapping and area monitoring on behalf of various branches of the Russian economy and in the interests of international cooperation. Landed July 29. June 14.  "Foton 9" Microgravity experiments. Landed July 2.  July 14.  "Nadezhda 4" Carried COSPAS / SARSAT search and rescue package. Civilian navigation satellite. Positioned in plane 14 of constellation. Maritime navigation. Signals at 150,00 MHz and 400.00 MHz. July 20.  "Kosmos 2283" high resolution photo reconnaissance satellite "Yantar-4K1".  August 2.  "Kosmos 2285" radar calibration mission. August 5.  "Kosmos 2286" early warning satellite "Oko". August 23.  "Molniya 3-46" communication satellite. Replaced Molniya 3-40. As of 1994, the Molniya 3 constellation consisted of Molniya 3-36, 3-38, 3-39, 3-42, 3-43, 3-44, 3-45, and 3-46. September 27. "Kosmos 2292" radar calibration satellite "Taifun-1". October 11, Plesetsk. "Okean-O1 no. 7" Oceanography satellite. Perigee: 631 km. Apogee: 665 km. Inclination: 82.5 deg. Period: 97.7 min.  November 11.  Plesetsk was granted the title "First State Testing Cosmodrome".  November 24. "Geo-IK" geodetic satellite. Also tested Elekon communications payload. December 14. "Molniya 1-88" relieved "Molniya 1-82" of its duties. At the end of 1994, operational "Molniya" satellites were 1-79, 1-80, and 1-83 through 1-88.  December 20. ""Kosmos 2298" military story-dump satellite "Strela-2M". Replaced Cosmos 2150. Final operational constellation was Cosmos 2208, 2251, and 2298.  December 26. "Kosmos 2299" -  "Kosmos 2304" military story-dump satellites "Strela-3".

December 20, 1994 a new ICBM "Topol M" (RS-12M2) was initially flight tested from Plesetsk.

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