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At 1994, the Plesetsk cosmodrome was continuing
modernization of all its 9 launch complexes to support military programs moving from
Baikonur. One "Zenit" pad was near completion and a second was
scheduled to be completed in 1997. Four "Soyuz" pads are all being
modernized for the "Soyuz-2K" ("Rus") booster.
January 25. "Meteor 3-06" Obtained
meteorological and solar-terrestrial data. "Meteor 3-6" was
inserted into an orbital plane 60 degrees to the west of
Meteor 3-5's plane and ejected the small German satellite
Tubsat B on the second orbit. "Meteor 3-6" also carried an
integrated French radiometer called SCARAB (Scanner for
Radiation Budget) and a German PRARE (Precision Range and
Range Rate Experiment) geodetic instrument. The French
radiometer was designed to study the Earth's radiation
budget over an extended period of time and to measure the
effect of clouds on the greenhouse phenomenon. A second
SCARAB instrument was manifested on a Meteor spacecraft that
was to be launched in 1996, but this did not come to pass.
The German PRARE was similar to the instrument carried on
ESA's ERS· 1 satellite. February 12. "Kosmos 2268" - "Kosmos
2273" military Store-dump "Strela-3" satellites. March 2. "Interkosmos 24". Solar and space
physics. Conduct of comprehensive investigations of the sun
under the "Coronas-I" international project developed by
Russian and Ukrainians experiments in cooperation with
specialists from Poland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak
Republic, Bulgaria, France, and the United Kingdom. March
17. "Kosmos 2274" high resolution
photo reconnaissance satellite "Yantar-4K1". This space
object is intended for assignments on behalf of the Ministry
of Defense of the Russian Federation. April 2, China. The first "Fen Yung 2"
geostationary weather satellite was undergoing final
checkout before being mated to its launch vehicle when a
fire and explosion erupted, destroying the vehicle, killing
one worker and injuring 20 others.
April 26. "Kosmos 2279" military
navigation satellite.
June 7. "Kosmos 2281" Military
cartographic satellite; returned film capsule. Also
photography of the earth's surface for the purpose of the
natural resource mapping and area monitoring on behalf of
various branches of the Russian economy and in the interests
of international cooperation. Landed July 29.
June 14. "Foton 9" Microgravity
experiments. Landed July 2.
July 14. "Nadezhda 4" Carried COSPAS / SARSAT
search and rescue package. Civilian navigation satellite.
Positioned in plane 14 of constellation. Maritime
navigation. Signals at 150,00 MHz and 400.00 MHz.
July 20. "Kosmos 2283" high
resolution photo reconnaissance satellite "Yantar-4K1". August 2. "Kosmos 2285" radar
calibration mission. August 5. "Kosmos 2286" early warning satellite "Oko".
August 23. "Molniya 3-46" communication
satellite. Replaced Molniya 3-40. As of 1994, the
Molniya 3 constellation consisted of Molniya 3-36, 3-38,
3-39, 3-42, 3-43, 3-44, 3-45, and 3-46. September 27. "Kosmos
2292" radar calibration satellite "Taifun-1". October 11, Plesetsk. "Okean-O1 no. 7" Oceanography
satellite. Perigee: 631 km. Apogee: 665 km. Inclination: 82.5 deg.
Period: 97.7 min.
November 11. Plesetsk was granted the title "First
State Testing Cosmodrome". November 24. "Geo-IK"
geodetic satellite. Also tested Elekon communications payload.
December 14. "Molniya 1-88" relieved
"Molniya 1-82" of its duties. At the end of 1994, operational
"Molniya" satellites were 1-79, 1-80, and 1-83 through 1-88.
December 20. ""Kosmos 2298"
military story-dump satellite "Strela-2M". Replaced Cosmos 2150. Final operational constellation was Cosmos 2208, 2251, and
2298.
December 26. "Kosmos 2299" - "Kosmos
2304" military story-dump satellites "Strela-3".
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